Paper Supplement -- Bond Issues

Generally, interest on a state or local bond is excluded from gross income under section 103 of the Internal Revenue Code. However, section 103(b) provides that the exclusion does not apply to a private-activity bond unless it is a qualified bond. Section 141(e) defines a qualified bond to include an exempt facility bond that meets certain requirements. Section 142(a) lists the categories of exempt facility bonds, which includes bonds for solid waste disposal facilities under section 142(a)(6).

With the cost of building a large facility escalating into the millions of dollars (and quite often much more), the reality is that the opportunity to build a facility with tax-exempt financing could be quite significant.

CALL FOR CLARIFICATION. The National Association of Bond Lawyers has called for clarification on some of the definitions. In comments made to the U.S. Department of Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service, the NABL asked for clarification on two types of recycling facilities: conversion facilities and recovery facilities.

One of the major sticking points for recyclers and the NABL is the "no value" definition. According to existing policies, material recycled in a bond-financed facility cannot have a market value or other value at the time the bonds are issued.

NABL and other groups, including members of the recycling community, have sought clarification of the no-value test since the mid-1990s, when the IRS performed a number of audits of borrowers that used tax-exempt bonds to finance recycling facilities. The audits raised the question of whether payments made by the recycler to a supplier cause material to have value.

The organization, along with a number of other groups, formed the Tax Exempt Bond Recycling Coalition. Other members of the newly formed group include the American Forest & Paper Association, Californians Against Waste, Empire State Development, Municipal Waste Management Association, the National Recycling Coalition, Natural Resources Defense Council, the Paper Recycling Coalition and the Solid Waste Association of North America.

The proposed regulations would abandon the current approach of identifying solid waste disposal facilities that qualify for tax-exempt financing in favor of focusing on the type of facility used.

Further, the proposed regulations would eliminate the no-value test, which says that material can’t qualify as solid waste unless the material is used, useless or unwanted and has no market value.

The proposed regulations also would increase the percentage of material that must be introduced into a recycling process from 65 percent to 80 percent for the facility to qualify as a solid waste facility.

Robert Mullen, president and CEO of the Newark Group, Cranford, N.J., noted while speaking before the panel that while the "clarity" of the regulations is important, he questioned whether "we need IRS or any other government agency going through our books trying the determine whether 65 percent, 76.4 percent or 80 percent or some other arbitrarily set percentage of our facilities are devoted to handling recycled materials."

NEED FOR DEFINITION. NABL and other groups said in comments submitted to the IRS that while the proposed rules resolved the problem by eliminating the no-value test, they still do not define solid waste itself. The comments asked the IRS to clarify the application of the no-value test, rather than defining, as proposed in the rules, what type of facility would qualify for tax-exempt-bond financing based on the recycling and the disposal processes used.