Legislation & regulations, International

China asks to ban mixed paper and many plastic scrap grades

The Washington-based Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI) says China has notified the World Trade Organization (WTO) of its intent to ban the import of mixed paper, “most scrap plastics” and metal slags and drosses by the end of 2017.

ISRI says the plastic scrap grades covered by the proposed ban include “polymers of ethylene, styrene, vinyl chloride and PET (polyethylene terephthalate).”

Whether all grades classified in the United States as “mixed paper” would be banned is not entirely clear. A press release from the United Kingdom-based The Recycling Association describes the ban request as covering “unsorted waste paper,” in addition to “all plastics scrap, certain metal recycling residues, textiles and all unsorted waste or scrap.”

The news release also quotes Colin Clarke, who is with U.K.-based Mark Lyndon Paper Enterprises, as saying, “For the time being, we are still able to export OCC (old corrugated containers), mixed paper and other grades to China, as it is only unsorted waste paper imports that have been banned.”

Clarke continues, “The word from China is that we purchase a grade made to a global specification and not unsorted papers. Normal caveats apply when dealing with the Chinese authorities that if bad shipments are received, then mixed papers in particular could be at threat of a ban.”

ISRI’s 2016 specifications for exported paper grades include three in the mixed paper category. The hard mixed paper (HMP) grade specification refers to it being sorted and consisting of “less than 10 percent groundwood content.” The soft mixed paper grade spec also uses the word “sorted,” but says it is “not limited as to type of fiber content.” The residential mixed paper grade spec does not mention sorting and says the grade consists of paper “not limited as to type of fiber content.”

ISRI says it has “already notified the Office of the United States Trade Representative and the U.S. Department of Commerce [of] the devastating impact such a ban will have on the global recycling industry, especially because ISRI has heard that China is considering additional notifications in the future on other scrap materials.”

Additionally, ISRI President Robin Wiener says, upon hearing about the ban, ISRI “immediately briefed U.S. officials in preparation for [the July 19, 2017] U.S.-China Comprehensive Economic Dialogue (CED) in Washington.”

More than $5.6 billion in scrap commodities were exported from the U.S. to China in 2016, ISRI says. “The trade in specification-grade commodities—metals, paper and plastics—between the United States and China is of critical importance to the health and success of the U.S.-based recycling industry. If implemented, a ban on scrap imports will result in the loss of tens of thousands of jobs and closure of many recycling businesses throughout the United States.”

ISRI adds, “In any given year, approximately one-third of the scrap recycled in the United States is prepared for shipment to the export market, and China is the recycling industry’s largest customer. This includes more than $1.9 billion in scrap paper (13.2 million tons) and $495 million in scrap plastics (or 1.42 million tons).

Regarding the potential economic impact of the ban in the U.S., Wiener adds, “More than 155,000 direct jobs are supported by the U.S. industry’s export activities, earning an average wage of almost $76,000 and contributing more than $3 billion to federal, state and local taxes. A ban on imports of scrap commodities into China would be catastrophic to the recycling industry.”