Baler Guide -- Glossary of Baling Terms

Glossary of Baling Terms

Annealed wire – wire that has been made softer and more flexible through its chemistry and heat treatment. Used as banding to secure bales.

Auto tie system – a system that automatically ties off bales with wire or other banding.

Bale counter – a counter that tracks the number of bales coming out of a baler’s extrusion chamber.

Baling chamber – the area where material is compressed to form a bale. On extrusion balers, the baling and extrusion chamber are the same.

Banana effect – the slight curving of a bale – primarily due to inconsistent density – that causes the denser bottom portion to swell, creating a trapezoidal bale shape that stresses the banding.

Banding – the material, usually wire or nylon, wrapped around bales to secure them.

Charge box – the chamber below the hopper where the material sits in front of the ram, waiting to be compressed into the baling chamber. On vertical and ferrous balers, the charge box and the baling chamber are the same.

Charging – the process of filling the charge box with material to be baled.

Closed-end baler – a baler that has a single ram, but no extrusion chamber. Bales are compressed against a door that opens after the bale is completed.

Cycle time – the time it takes the baler ram to complete one stroke and then retract.

Ejection nozzle – the opening in the baler where the bale is ejected or comes out.

Extrusion chamber – the long baling chamber, attached to the charge box of a baler, that squeezes material as it moves forward.

Feed hopper – the unit that directs material into the charge box for baling.

Fingers – devices that pick up wire up in an extrusion chamber and position it to tie off the bale. Also called needles.

Fluffer – a manual or automatic device that ruffles up the incoming feed material to remove any trapped air so that the material will lay more evenly in the charge box.

High-tensile wire – high-strength wire used for banding bales. This type of wire, although still ductile, is more rigid than annealed wire, and is used mainly in two-ram balers.

Horizontal Baler – a type of baler that compresses material in the horizontal plane.

Lamination counter – a distance or pressure clicker used to determine the proper length of a bale. Also called a pad counter.

Laminations – a term used to describe the layers of baled material.

Liner – the bottom facing of a charge box that the ram rubs against or engages as it makes its stroke.

Log – a long, loose ferrous bale, usually 4 to 6 feet in length, formed in order to transport scrap metal efficiently to a shredder.

Manual tie system – a system in which the banding has to be manually positioned in order to tie off the bale.

Memory – the return of a compressed material to its original state.

Multi-bin baler – a vertical baler that has more than one charge box in order to process different types or grades of material.

Open-end baler – in this type of baler, the bale is made by compressing and squeezing material through a long extrusion chamber. After the first bale (called a plug bale) is made, the subsequent bales are made by pushing material up against the back of the forward bale.

Operator control panel – the panel on the baler that contains all the controls for the operator to set up and properly operate the baler.

Photo eye – a device that senses material that is fed into the charge box. It is used to measure the incoming material so that the proper amount can be compressed to finish off the bale at the correct size.

Plug bale – the first bale in an open-end baler. The term “plug bale mode” is often used when using an open-end baler.

Pre-load hopper – a gravity-fed hopper positioned above a scrap metal baler that holds pre-staged material.

Pre-press – a device that compresses material into the charge box prior to ram engagement. Pre-presses are used to hold down material in the charge box so that there is no need for shearing. Also called a stamper or tramper.

Ram – a guided, hydraulically-driven flat plate that exerts pressure on the material in the charge box. Also called a platen or plunger.

Retainer dogs – devices that lock in from the side of the baling chamber of a single-ram baler to prevent material from backing into the chamber once the ram retracts.

Server island – a platform that slides a finished bale out from a side-eject baler so that a forklift can be positioned to accept the bale. Also found at the end of an extrusion chamber.

Shear/baler – a scrap metal baler that combines a baler and a guillotine shear into one piece of equipment for more processing flexibility.

Shear blade – the cutting edge of the top of the baling chamber that removes any material above the ram face as the ram compresses the material into the baling chamber. Blades can be straight or serrated. Also refers to the shear at the end of a shear/baler.

Side-eject baler – a single-ram baler that bales material against a wall, then ejects the finished bale from the side of the baling chamber via a server island

Side tie – the process of tying off a bale with the banding encompassing the bale horizontally, with the knot on the side of the bale.

Single-ram baler – a type of baler that uses only one ram to compress material.

Stroke – the motion of the ram as it compresses material in the charge box.

Three-ram baler – a ferrous baler that uses one ram to compress from the side, another one to compress from the top, and a third one to eject the bale. Not to be confused with a “three-compression” baler which has a main ram and two sides that squeeze the bale.

Tip pan – the hydraulically powered plate that tips pre-staged scrap metal into the baler. Also called a table.

Top tie – the process of tying off a bale with the banding encompassing the bale vertically, with the knot on the top of the bale.

Two-ram baler – a type of baler that uses one ram to compress the material, and a second ram – moving perpendicular to the first one – to eject the bale.

Two-ram extrusion baler – a type of extrusion baler that uses a side pre-compression ram in the charge box that equals the ram force of the main ram. The addition of the second ram allows the feed hopper to be much larger than a conventional single-ram extrusion baler.

Vertical baler – a type of baler in which a single ram makes downward strokes to compress material into a bale.